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PuTTYgen is a key generator tool for creating pairs of public and private SSH keys. It is one of the components of the open-source networking client PuTTY. Although originally written for Microsoft Windows operating system, it is now officially available for multiple operating systems including macOS, Linux. PuTTYgen.exe is the graphical tool on Windows OS. While on the other side, Linux OS has the only command-line version could be accessible using SSH commands.

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Recommended Read: 11 Best Linux Distros for Developers and Programmers. The Linux world is filled with several distributions born of the desire to solve a specified problem using unique design and build approaches. There are distros created for chemists, astrologers, music producers, and there are ones created to emulate macOS.

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  • 1 Download PuTTYgen
    • 1.1 Download PuTTYgen on Windows
    • 1.2 Download PuTTYgen for Mac
    • 1.3 Download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu/Linux
      • 1.3.3 Types of Keys Supported on PuTTYgen

Puttygen aka Putty Key Generator

The key generation utility – PuTTYgen can create various public-key cryptosystems including Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), and Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) keys.

The aforementioned public-key cryptosystems principally focus on secure data transmission and digital signatures.

Although PuTTYgen collects keys in its native file format i.e. .ppk files, the keys can easily be converted to any file format. For Windows, the software interface is PuTTYgen.exe, whereas, for Linux OS the command-line adaptation is available using SSH commands.

How to use PuTTYgen?

PuTTYgen is used to generate public or private key pair for creating SSH keys. Below is the complete guidance about how to generate RSA key in the Windows operating system:

  1. Once you install the PuTTY on your machine, you can easily run PuTTYgen. For the same, go to Windows -> Start Menu -> All Programs -> PuTTY -> PuTTYgen.
  2. You will see the PuTTY key generator dialog box on your screen
  3. You will find a “Generate” button in that dialog. Clicking on it will lead to generating the keys for you.
  4. Now you will need to add a unique key passphrase in the Key passphrase and Confirm passphrase field.
  5. Click on the “Save Public Key” and “Save Private Key” buttons to save your public and private keys.
  6. You will see the text starting with ssh-RSA in the Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file field which is located at the top of the window. Copy that entire text to your clipboard by pressing ctrl+c as you will require the key to paste on your clipboard in the public key tool of control panel or directly on the cloud server.

Various Ways to Use RSA Key Pair

RSA key pair generated through PuTTYgen is used in two various ways defined as below:

  1. To assign while creating a new cloud server
    You can choose the public key from the given list of keys at the time of creating a cloud server. If you don’t find your key in that list, then first add and then assign it.
  2. Assign to an existing cloud server
    At the time of connecting to the cloud server, first of all, you need to tell PuTTY to use it for utilizing your newly created RSA key pair.

PuTTYgen being a component of the terminal emulator PuTTY does not have to be downloaded separately, hence, comes with the PuTTY .msi installation package. You can follow the simple steps to download PuTTYgen software for your system. That is the reason why you don’t need to download PuTTYgen separately. Once you download PuTTY software, you will be able to install and run PuTTYgen easily in no time. Below is the complete instruction about how to download and install PuTTY on Windows.

Apart from that, it is also integrated into third-party programs such as WinSCP installation package. Below you can find a complete PuTTYgen download and installation guide for all operating systems.

Download PuTTYgen on Windows

To download PuTTYgen the primary requisite is to acquire the copy of PuTTY installation package. For the 64-bit operating system, one must install the 64-bit version of PuTTY, i.e. putty-64bit-<version>-installer.msi.Similarly, for the 32-bit operating system, the respective 32-bit version of PuTTY, i.e. putty-<version>-installer.msi needs to be installed.

To get PuTTY, go to PuTTY Installation Download page, whereby the complete installation package will be available with setup instructions, installation guide, and download links to all other components of PuTTY such as putty.exe, pscp.exe, psftp.exe, puttytel.exe, plink.exe, pageant.exe and putty.zip.


Following the successful download of the PuTTY installation package. It is time to install the program. Go to How to install PuTTY on Windows, whereby you will find the step by step guidance for PuTTY installation for Windows operating system.

After successfully downloading and installing PuTTY on your Windows machine, you are just 2-3 clicks away to run PuTTYgen. Follow the below-given step by step guidance to run PuTTYgen:

Run PuTTYgen on Windows

To run PuTTYgen, Go to Windows -> Start Menu -> All Programs -> PuTTY -> PuTTYgen. You will see a window for the PuTTY Key Generator on your screen.

Voila! Now you can generate public or private key pair using PuTTYgen.

Download PuTTYgen for Mac


Below is the detailed guide to download PuTTYgen on Mac operating system. Mac OS has a built-in command-line SSH client known as Terminal. To utilize it, go to Finder and then opt for Go -> utilities from the top menu. After that find the terminal which supports SSH connections to remote servers.

However, to run PuTTYgen for mac, the first one must have to install PuTTY. There are multiple ways to install PuTTY, which are Homebrew or MacPorts. Both alternatives will also install the command-line of adaptations of PuTTYgen.

Ported PuTTY for Mac

Mac has the port of PuTTY which can be installed in various ways described as below:

  1. Installation using Homebrew:
    First, install the ‘brew command line’ Once installed use the below-given command to install PuTTY:-
    sudo brew install putty
  2. Installation using MacPorts:
    First of all, one must install MacPorts and then use the command-line to install PuTTY. Here is the command to install PuTTY via MacPorts
    sudo port install putty
    Additionally, a user can also add a shortcut to the desktop by writing the following command line
    –cp /opt/local/bin/putty ~/Desktop/PuTTY

However, there is an alternative way to install PuTTY on Mac OS. Cyberduck is a widely used Mac OS SSH Client. Once PuTTY installed on the Mac OS, a user can convert PuTTY derived private key format to OpenSSH.

To convert the private key to standard PEM format, type the following command –

puttygen privatekey.ppk -O private-openssh -o privatekey.pem

You can also read the guide to convert .pem file to .ppk using puttygen.

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Download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu/Linux

To download PuTTYgen for Ubuntu (Linux) operating system, a user to first install PuTTY. However, in some Linux distributions, the SSH key generation tool – PuTTYgen needs to be installed independently from the PuTTY client.

For example, Debian Linux requires the below-given code to install PuTTYgen:

sudo apt install putty-tools

Generate Key Pair for Authentication in Linux

To create the key pair for authentication in Linux use the below command:-

puttygen -t rsa -b 2048 -C 'user@host' -o keyfile.ppk

Various Command Line Options of PuTTY in Linux

Below are few important command line options in the Linux operating system for PuTTY:

PuTTYgen [-t keytype [-b bits] [-q] | keyfile]
[-C new-comment] [-P]
[-O output-type | -p | -l | -L]
[-o output-file]

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Options:

  1. Keyfile – It is the name of the existing key file to read at the time of changing the current key.
  2. –t keytype – The command specifies the type of key to creating. Its acceptable values are RSA and dsa.rsa1.
  3. -b bits – This command specifies a total number of bit in a particular key. 1024 is the perfect size for DSA key, while 2048 or 4096 are the perfect size for RSA keys.
  4. –q – The command suppresses the message about progress at the time of key generation.
  5. -C new-comment – The command will specify the comment to describe the key. It can be used for the new and/or existing key. Key operation is not affected by a comment. However, it is used to recognize the key owner, it’s not reliable completely as any value can be applied to it.
  6. –P – Using the command will update the passphrase of a key. Passphrase helps to encrypt the private key. As passphrase can’t add or update on a command line, it prompts a new passphrase tool to alter it.
  7. –old-passphrase-file – The old password of the key remains in this file. The command is used when the key is protected by a passphrase.
  8. –new-passphrase file – This command prompts the new passphrase of the key. It comes in the action either at the time of generating a new key or while applying –P command to change the passphrase.
  9. -O output-type – This command defines what to give in output. By default, the private key is the output.

Thus, above are the prominent commands of PuTTYgen in Linux operating system. Besides that, there are many other commands available to perform various tasks from the command prompt in Linux at flank speed.

Types of Keys Supported on PuTTYgen

It is important to know the types of key PuTTYgen supports prior to using it. Below are the key types that it currently supports for SSH-2 and SSH-1 protocol:-

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  • SSH-1 protocol:- For SSH-1 only supports one key i.e. Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA)
  • SSH-2 protocol: – SSH-2 supports multiple key types that include – Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) and Ed25519.

The above description is a detailed brief on downloading and running PuTTYgen on all major operating systems. For further details please check the Download PuTTY page.

Linux is an open-source operating system that you can install on your computer for free. It offers several advantages over Windows and Mac, such as flexibility, privacy, better security, and easy customization. If you have a Mac, and you would like to explore a new, open-source OS, check out our guide on how to install Linux on a Mac.

If you want to dualboot Linux and macOS, you will need to create a space for your Linux OS tolive. In order to do this, you will have to partition your main hard drive.Here’s how to do that:

How to Partition your Mac Hard Drive

  1. Open your Applications folder and click Utilities.
  2. Then open Disk Utility.
  3. Next, click View in the top left corner of the window.
  4. Then select Show All Devices.
  5. Select your macOS partition and then click Partition. You can find this button at the top of the window. If you are using a newer Mac, you might be asked to add a volume. You can click Partition on the pop-up.
  6. Set the partition size you need for your Linux OS. You can do this by dragging the little white circles on the edge of the larger circle, or you can enter the size in the box next to Size. The gray side of the pie will be your Mac space, while the blue space will be your new partition. It is recommended that you set aside at least 20GB for Linux. You can also add other information here as well, such as the partition name. Take note of the size of your partition, you will need this information later.
  7. Format the new partition as MS-DOS (FAT).
  8. Click Apply. This will cause your computer to become unresponsive as the partition is created.
  9. Click Partition and Continue when further prompted and wait for the partition process to finish.

How to Make a Bootable USB on a Mac

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  1. Download a Linux distro. An ISO file is a disk image. Some of the top options are Ubuntu, Mint, or Deepin. They are free to download from each distribution’s main website. In this article, we are using Ubuntu.
  2. Open Disk Utility, select your USB drive, and click Erase.
  3. Then format your USB drive as MS-DOS (FAT) and the scheme as GUID Partition Map. You can do this in Disk Utility by selecting your drive and clicking Erase.
  4. Download the Etcher app. This will allow you to burn your Linux distro onto a USB flash drive. You can download Etcher for free here.
  5. Move the Etcher app to your Applications folder. If you get a warning saying that you are not able to open the application, you will have to go to System Preferences > Security and Privacy > General. Then click the lock, enter your password, and click Open Anyway.
  6. Open Etcher, click Select Image, and select your Linux ISO. This is the file you downloaded in step one.
  7. Click Select target and choose your USB drive.
  8. Then click Flash. If you get an error message, and you’re running a newer OS, go to Applications > Utilities and open the Terminal app. Then enter the following command and hit enter:

If you still get an error message that says thedisk you inserted was not readable, click ignore.

How to Install Linux on a Mac

Once you’ve made a partition, you can thencontinue with the rest of the Linux installation setup below. But beforeyou begin, you will need a USB mouse and keyboard. This is because Linux willnot detect your drivers if you have a newer Mac.

  1. Switch off your Mac computer.
  2. Plug the bootable Linux USB drive into your Mac.
  3. Turn on your Mac while holding down the Option key. You will then see the boot manager with a list of available devices you can boot from.
  4. Select your USB stick and hit enter. This will be named EFI boot or EFI drive.
  5. Then select Install from the GRUB menu. You can also select Try Without Installing.
  6. Follow the on-screen installation instructions. Select Normal Installation.
  7. On the Installation Type window, choose Something else. This is an option that will let you choose the partition you made earlier for installing your new Linux OS. If you choose the other options, you risk installing Linux over your current operating system, which would also erase all your files and folders.
  8. Choose the partition you made. This is the partition that is the same size as the one that you made earlier.
  9. Then click Change. You will see this under the list of devices.
  10. In the Use as drop-down, select ext4 journaling file system.
  11. In the Mount Point drop-down, select forward slash and click OK.
  12. Click Continue when prompted.
  13. Then click Install Now.
  14. Next, click Continue on succeeding warning pop-ups.
  15. Enter your time zone, choose your keyboard layout, and click Continue.
  16. Set up your Linux account. Type in your name, computer name, username, and password.
  17. Click Continue.
  18. Wait for the installation process to start and finish.
  19. Restart your Mac and hold down the Option key while it does.
  20. Choose your Linux OS to start using it.

After installing the OS and exploring it, makesure that your applications are working properly.

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Now that you know how to install Linux on your Mac, check out our guide on how to install Linux on a Windows 10 computer.

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Updated on August 31, 2021

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